Scientists from the Institute of archeology found in the city of Bolgar, the ancient capital of Volga Bulgaria, a workshop for the processing of amber in the XIII—XIV centuries, where he worked by Russian artisans. The findings prove the hypothesis that in the Central part of the largest shopping center of the Golden Horde existed Russian workshop. The researchers came to the conclusion that the early Bulgars were “international” education and its cities side by side lived the representatives of various ethnic groups and faiths.

  • Amber-a raw, slabs and natural stone found on site workshop
  • © Press service news Agency ran

During excavations in the ancient settlement of Bulgar (Spassky district of Tatarstan) scientists of Institute of archaeology Academy of Sciences found a workshop for the processing of amber of the end of XIII — beginning of XIV century, which was the master of the Russian land.

“Workshop existed during the rise of the urban culture of the Bulgar after the devastating events connected with the seizure of the Volga Bulgaria by the Mongols. The discovery underlines the international relations of Bulgar and high level of stable trade relations of that time, the craftsmen of the Russian lands, the Lower Volga region, the Caucasus and other lands lived near, worked, traded and obtained the material for their products from regions quite far located from Volga Bulgaria”, — said the head of excavations at the ancient settlement of Bulgar, researcher at the Department of medieval archaeology IA RAS Denis Badeev.

On-site workshop, scientists have discovered approximately 700 grams of raw amber, its cropping, harvesting the products themselves, among whom there were beads and various pendants. In addition, archaeologists have found tools craft knife with a curved back, awls and needles, a file, square section, small Dolata.

  • Jewellery tools and articles made of amber, found on the territory of the workshop
  • © Press service news Agency ran

The researchers believe that worked there came from the Russian lands. Where the Studio was discovered pots of red and white clay, which is usually found on the territory of Russia. Moreover, on one of the shards remained scratched in the wet clay, the Cyrillic letter “A”. Also, the archaeologists found the stone and bronze crucifix.

According to experts, part of the pottery was not manufactured on the spot, and brought from Tver and other Russian cities.

Scientists can not yet say exactly where the master Bulgara got the amber-raw. It is assumed that he brought to the workshop of the two centers of production to the Baltic States or the Dnieper. To find out the origin of the raw materials, the researchers plan to study the chemical composition of the samples was found by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

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The opening of this workshop, according to archaeologists, proves that the early Bulgars were “international” education and its cities side by side lived the representatives of various ethnic groups and faiths. Such conclusion scientists have made studying the location of the estates and identifying their owners. It turned out that neighbors of the Russian craftsmen were immigrants from the Caucasus: on this, in particular, indicated the presence of a tandoor. Other neighbors could have come from the Lower Volga region.

“We used to think that in such cities there were quarters where lived compactly certain groups, split along religious lines: for example, in one quarter, Muslims, other Christians, in the third someone else. Excavations in Bulgar leave the impression that in this period of time this separation was not and the population lived mixed. Only later occurred such separation, and the Christian population had to move to the outskirts of the city,” concluded Badeev.